Kidney Disease

Contributed by: Rashid Kazerooni, Pharm.D. Candidate

KU School of Pharmacy

Text Box: Kidney Disease is a silent epidemic in America today. Over 20 million people, or 1 out of 9 adults, have it and most aren’t even aware. Another 20 million people are at increased risk for developing it. Good kidney function is an essential part of good all around health. Early detection and treatment can help stop the progression of kidney disease. Why are kidneys so important to good all around health? The kidneys filter waste, drugs, toxins, and excess fluids from your blood. As a result of this function, they regulate body water and important body minerals such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium. The kidneys also release hormones into your body that regulate blood pressure, make red blood cells, and keep your bones healthy. What are common causes of kidney disease? The two main causes of chronic kidney disease are high blood pressure and diabetes. In diabetics, blood sugar is too high, which can lead to damage of many body organs, such as: kidneys, heart, eyes and nerves. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is when pressure on the walls of blood vessels is too high, causing strain which can lead to complications such as kidney disease, heart attack, or stroke. If these either of these causes are present, it is important to keep them well controlled, which in turn would lower the risk and progression of kidney disease.

Text Box: How do I know if I am at risk for kidney disease? The following are all risk factors for chronic kidney disease: Diabetes Hypertension Family history Older age African/Native American, Asian , or Hispanic (because diabetes is more common in these races) What are some signs or symptoms? swollen feet or ankles puffiness around eyes, especially in the morning need to urinate often, especially at night less energy than usual trouble thinking clearly trouble sleeping dry, itchy skin muscle cramping at night What should I do if I am at increased risk? You should visit your physician to get tested. Your visit should include the following 3 tests. First, a blood pressure test. Second, a simple test looking for protein in the urine. Protein is an important building block in the body. Usually it is reabsorbed into the body and should not be found in urine if your kidneys are functioning properly. Third, a simple test for creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product from your muscles that is usually excreted through the kidneys. But if kidney function is not

Text Box: good, creatinine can build up in the blood to high levels. How is chronic kidney disease treated? Treatment varies based on disease severity and other medical conditions, but can include the following if applicable to the individual: Control high blood pressure or high blood sugar carefully Follow a special diet that regulates both salt and protein intake Treat anemia if present and prevent bone disease by managing phosphorus levels Stop smoking and follow a regular exercise plan Visit your physician regularly For more information visit www.kidney.org.